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L-Tyrosine was named after the Greek word tyros, meaning "cheese". It was discovered in cheese by the German chemist Justus von Liebig in 1846. It is one of the 20 amino acids used to synthesize proteins. Although it is not an essential amino acid, it's precursor phenylalanine is hydroxylated to form l-tyrosine, and must be supplemented by the diet. Tyrosine is converted to L-DOPA through the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. L-DOPA is the chemical precursor to three important brain chemicals called catecholamines: dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenalin), and epinephrine (adrenalin). Supplementing both l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine can lead to increased alertness, concentration, and arousal. Tyrosine is often prescribed as an anti-depressant because of its ability to increase dopamine levels in the brain. It has also shown appetite suppressing effects, by releasing an appetite suppressing hormone known as cholecystokinin. It is impossible to concentrate without sufficient levels of l-tyrosine, and ADD is linked to low levels of dopamine and norepinephrine (noradrenalin). Tyrosine is a chemical precursor to both these catecholamines and will increase their availability within the brain. Tyrosine has been used effectively to treat headaches, depression, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
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