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Acetyl L-Carnitine
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Alpha GPC |
Alpha Lipoic Acid
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Ashwagandha | Centrophenoxine |
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Roy D, Pathak DN, Singh R This study
investigated the effect (in vivo) of centrophenoxine (Helfergin) on
the activity of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase GSH-PER,
glutathione reductase GSSG-RED, superoxide dismutase SOD and
catalase) in subcellular fractions from the regions of the brain
(cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem) of rats aged 6, 9 and 12
months. In all age groups, normal (control) activity of GSH-PER,
GSSG-RED and SOD in the three brain regions was higher in the
soluble fractions than in the particulate fractions. The three
regions of the brain showed different levels of the enzyme
activities. Enzymes in soluble fractions (except GSSG-RED in
cerebrum of rats aged 12 months) did not change with age. In
particulate fractions, however, the enzymes showed age-related
changes: GSH-PER decreased with age in cerebellum and brain stem,
but showed an age-related increase in cerebrum, GSSG-RED and SOD
increased with age in all the three brain regions. Catalase activity
in all the three brain regions remained unchanged in all age groups.
Six week administration of centrophenoxine (once a day in doses of
80 mg/Kg and 120 mg/Kg) to the experimental animals produced
increases in the activity of SOD, GSH-PER and GSSG-RED in
particulate fractions from all the three brain regions. In the
soluble fractions, however, only SOD and GSH-PER activity was
increased. In vitro also centrophenoxine stimulated the activity of
GSH-PER. A dosage of 80 mg/Kg produced greater changes than a 120
mg/Kg dosage. The drug had no effect on the activity of catalase.
Centrophenoxine also reduced lipofuscin deposits (studied both
biochemically and histochemically) thus indicating that the drug
inhibited lipofuscin accumulation by elevating the activity of the
antioxidant enzymes. The data suggest that alleviation of senescence
by centrophenoxine may, at least, partly be due to activation by it
of antioxidant enzymes.
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